Independent Australian and global macro analysis

Friday, August 28, 2020

Preview: Australian Q2 GDP

Australia's June quarter national accounts are due to be published by the ABS today at 11:30am (AEST). The onset of the pandemic and the containment measures implemented to limit the spread of the virus have driven the domestic economy into recession for the first time since the early 1990s. Following on from by a modest 0.3% decline in Q1 a historically large contraction in GDP will be recorded in the June quarter, expected to be in the order of 6%. 

In a global context, these outcomes, though extremely severe, are at the modest end of the scale. Australia's nationwide shutdown from late March to mid-May was less stringent and shorter in duration than experienced in many other regions, as government authorities were able to limit the initial outbreak of the virus to relatively low levels of infection. The effects of the shutdown were most pronounced in April as general mobility and economic activity across the nation was restricted. As a result, the labour market sustained its most severe shock in many decades with around 870k job losses occurring through April and May and hours worked falling by more than 10% over the period.



Following the National Cabinet agreeing to its three-stage RoadMap to a COVIDSafe Australia, restrictions gradually started to be unwound in most states from mid-May, facilitating a strong rebound in activity. Despite the dislocation in the labour market, the effects of an easing in the RBA's monetary policy stance and fiscal policy measures, including the JobKeeper (wage subsidy) scheme and enhanced unemployment assistance payments, helped to support household incomes and drive a rebound in retail spending and discretionary services. Surveyed measures of business confidence and trading conditions also lifted sharply from historic lows through this initial period of the reopening. Closer to the end of the June quarter, the reopening started to lose momentum as virus concerns returned in Victoria leading to restrictions being reinstated by the state government and this had spillover effects on confidence in the other states. 

As it stands | National Accounts — GDP


The emergence of the pandemic on Australian shores led to the first quarterly decline in national GDP in 9 years as the domestic economy contracted by 0.3% in the March quarter, slowing the annual pace to a post-GFC low of 1.4% from 2.2%, falling further below the nation's trend pace of growth of around 2.75%. Reflecting differences in the timing and severity of the initial outbreak of the virus, growth across OECD economies contracted at a faster pace falling by 1.8% in the March quarter, with notably sharper declines coming through in the euro area (-3.6%) and the UK (-2.2%), while the US economy contracted by 1.3%. China recorded a 10% decline in output in the March quarter after several major cities were shutdown in late January.




In Australia, precautionary behaviour preceded the tightening of activity restrictions and the eventual shutdown and this led to a significant shift in household consumption patterns. Areas of discretionary spending, such as dining out and recreational activities, were avoided and overseas and domestic travel was curtailed by border closures, while demand for groceries, other essentials and household goods soared in preparation for the shutdown. Activity in the housing market rolled over very sharply towards the end of the March quarter as public auctions and open house inspections were affected by social distancing restrictions, contributing to a slowing in the pace of price gains in the capital city markets.



Residential construction activity, already in the midst of a sharp downturn ahead of the onset of the pandemic, weakened further in Q1 as new home building continued to decline, while uncertainty over the outlook for housing demand became elevated in response to the impact of travel restrictions on net overseas migration, arrivals of visiting students and inbound tourism. Business investment remained weak through the March quarter and with the pandemic leading to a collapse in measures of confidence and trading conditions, the outlook for capital expenditure plans over the coming financial year deteriorated sharply. 

Key dynamics in Q2 | National Accounts 
— GDP 

Household consumption — In April, household spending fell sharply amid the national shutdown as consumer sentiment plunged to historic lows. Despite the period of severe dislocation in the labour market, the reopening in mid-May saw retail spending rebound strongly and this continued into July supported by measures introduced by the Federal Government to support household incomes, including through the JobKeeper policy, enhanced assistance payments and early access to superannuation accounts, while lenders have also allowed borrowers to temporarily defer repayments on mortgages. Ongoing restrictions, such as those imposed on travel, and cautionary behaviour has resulted in the pattern 
of household spending shifting markedly away from services to more goods-related consumption, with an increasing share of purchases being made through online channels.    


Dwelling investment — The downturn in the residential construction cycle intensified in the June quarter as private sector activity contracted by a further 5.6% to be down by 12.1% through the year. New home building fell by 5.6% in Q2 to slide to its lowest level in 5
½ years, while alteration work rolled over (-5.7%) after increasing over recent quarters.   


Business investment — The tightening of pandemic containment measures, weakening economic conditions and elevated uncertainty over the outlook accelerated weakness in private sector capital expenditure as it contracted by 5.9% in Q2 
 its 6th consecutive quarterly decline. Forward-looking investment plans were also downgraded.   


Public demand — Government spending ramped up by 2.9%in Q2, with a key focus in health-related areas as the pandemic intensified.


Inventories — Weak demand conditions through the shutdown combined with the disruption to operating conditions led to the sharpest quarterly contraction in inventories on record of -3.0%q/q.   

Net exports — The impact of travel restrictions had a significant impact on services exports halting the arrival of inbound tourists and students. With overseas travel by Australians prohibited, spending on import services collapsed by 50.5%. Weak domestic demand conditions has also weighed notably on imports of capital goods.